Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 4 Articles
The main objective of this review was to present a synthesis of the current literature in order to provide a useful tool to clinician\nin radiologic analysis of the meniscus. All anatomical descriptions were clearly illustrated by MRI, arthroscopy, and/or drawings.\nThe value of standard radiography is extremely limited for the assessment of meniscal injuries but may be indicated to obtain a\ndifferential diagnosis such as osteoarthritis. Ultrasound is rarely used as a diagnostic tool for meniscal pathologies and its accuracy\nis operator-dependent. CT arthrography with multiplanar reconstructions can detect meniscus tears that are not visible on MRI.\nThis technique is also useful in case of MRI contraindications, in postoperative assessment of meniscal sutures and the condition of\ncartilage covering the articular surfaces. MRI is the most accurate and less invasive method for diagnosing meniscal lesions. MRI\nallows confirming and characterizing the meniscal lesion, the type, the extension, its association with a cyst, the meniscal extrusion,\nand assessing cartilage and subchondral bone. New 3D-MRI in three dimensions with isotropic resolution allows the creation of\nmultiplanar reformatted images to obtain from an acquisition in one sectional plane reconstructions in other spatial planes. 3D\nMRI should further improve the diagnosis of meniscal tears....
Doctors who request imaging must be well trained in deciding whether diagnostic imaging is indicated\nand have an accurate knowledge of the associated risks. Although radiological doses are\nlow and the chance of late effect is minimal, it should be kept as low as reasonably achievable. This\ncannot be achieved without a proper knowledge and adherence to safe practices. This cross-sectional\nstudy investigates the level of physiciansâ�� knowledge about radiation safety and their attitude\ntowards radiation protection. A self-administered questionnaire, for radiation safety was\nsent to a purposive sample of 120 physicians at Suez Canal University Hospital. Eighty questionnaires\nwere filled by participants (response rate; 66.7%). The sample included 22 radiologists, 15\noncologists, 25 surgeons and 18 orthopedists. Most participants did not receive any radiation\nsafety-related training (88.8%). Radiologists and oncologists were exposed to ionizing radiation\nmore frequently; however, their knowledge was as low as that of other physicians. The overall\nknowledge score ranged from 40% - 60% (mean; 56.5 �± 15.2), with a low score among surgeons\nand orthopedics. The most deficient knowledge was in the dose of background radiation and the\nradiation dose received by patients in each type of radiation procedure. Adherence to safe radiation\npractices was violated by most of participants, especially surgeons and orthopedics, but they\nattributed it to the poor applicability of the protective measures during performing the procedures.\nThis study concluded that physicians at the Suez Canal University Hospital had deficient\nknowledge, unsafe practices and negative attitude towards radiation safety policies & precautions....
In three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) in our facility, we usually scan\nthe volume of the brain according to the bolus tracking method. Fluoroscopic slice is placed at the\nWillis�s ring and the timing of scan is determined subjectively by a radiological technologist after\nstrong enhancement of the basal cerebral artery is confirmed. In these procedures, however, variation\nof scan timing is often problematic. Therefore, we design the surpassing method to place the\nsmall region-of-interest (ROI) at the basal cerebral arteries and to start CT scan automatically. In\nthis protocol, the fluoroscopic slices of the distal internal carotid arteries are selected referring to\nthe precontrast volume data, small ROIs are set in bilateral internal carotid arteries, and scan\ntrigger of CT is started automatically at the threshold of 170 HU. The maximum 80 mL of iodine\ncontrast agent 300 mgI/mL is injected intravenously at the rate of 4.0 mL/sec, and the volume of\nthe arterial phase is scanned automatically. We measure ROIs at the internal carotid arteries\nbased on the obtained volume data of arterial phase and estimate the optimal scan timings from\nthe fluoroscopic CT images reformatted at the intervals of 0.1 sec. In 38 of 53 patients, placement\nof the small ROIs is succeeded and automatic or manual CT scan is performed. In the patients who\nsucceed in placement of the small ROIs, optimal scan timing of the arterial phase is obtained, while\nin the patients who fail placement of the small ROIs, a large variation is observed in their scan\ntimings. Their results suggest that more stable scanning of the arterial phase is available by means\nof small ROI placement and automatic scanning. The clinical significance is large because the stability\nand reproducibility of the examination provide a quantitative analysis and more accurate\ndiagnosis....
Hip pain can have multiple causes, including intra-articular, juxta-articular, and referred pain, mainly from spine or sacroiliac joints.\nIn this review, we discuss the causes of intra-articular hip pain from childhood to adulthood and the role of the appropriate imaging\ntechniques according to clinical suspicion and age of the patient. Stress is put on the findings of radiographs, currently considered\nthe first imaging technique, not only in older people with degenerative disease but also in young people without osteoarthritis. In\nthis case plain radiography allows categorization of the hip as normal or dysplastic or with impingement signs, pincer, cam, or a\ncombination of both...
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